"NASA's Shocking Sun Discovery: Raining Plasma & Giant Structures! 🌞"

 First time ever, NASA has literally looked inside the sun and taken such pictures that are totally

mind-blowing. When NASA was studying some images of the depths of the sun, they saw three

such structures on the surface of the sun that were very concerning. First, look at this.

It shows that it is literally raining on the sun, in which melting hot plasma is raining from the

sky. Then, in these images, they saw that there were some weird looking grass-like structures.

And can you imagine this? These structures are weirdly bigger than Mount Everest.

And lastly, they saw that there are some cracks on the surface that are giving birth to the big

bubbles on the surface of the sun So exactly, what is happening with the sun? Is all this normal?

If yes, then why do scientists find all this to be concerning? Besides, these images that NASA

has got, were taken by its Solar Dynamics Observatory from so far away. Whereas, it is only

possible to take such pictures of the sun, if they are taken from this position. So the question

arises here, how did NASA do this seemingly impossible task? How did NASA do this? And do we

still have to dump all our understanding of the sun? Well, to find answers to many such

questions, NASA tried to decode the latest images taken by the sun layer by layer and try to

connect the knots between them.

And this is what they found. Actually, scientists knew that there were some events happening in

the environment around the sun that could cause great damage to the Earth in the future.

Because due to the solar flares caused by these events, not one of the Elon Musk's, but 49

Starlink satellites fell back into the Earth's atmosphere.

In 2023, some parts of a billion hydrogen bombs, as powerful as the solar flare, fell in North

America, due to which all communications there were shut down. And most of the North

American continent had to face a blackout. In fact, from the 1580s to date, the sun has thrown

such solar flares on the earth 33 times in total, due to which the earth and its technology have

suffered heavy losses.

Now that this should not happen in the future, that's why NASA and ESA decided to study the

sun closely, so that they can study the activities happening in it in detail and more accurately

predict the time of collision with the earth. And that's why both space agencies together, in

2010, launched a mission in the orbit of the sun at half the distance of Mercury, called Solar

Dynamics Observatory. The main objective of this mission was to study the sun on different

electromagnetic wavelengths.

Different wavelengths because, just as there are layers of the atmosphere on the earth, there

are many layers on the sun as well. The outermost layer is called corona, the middle is the

chromosphere, and the innermost is the photosphere layer. There is a lot of difference in the

temperature of all these layers

And as we know, different wavelengths of light emit at different temperatures. And that's why

they took the help of multiple wavelengths to study the sun. In this study, their first target was

to study the corona, the heaviest layer of the sun.

Now, according to its temperature, scientists started taking pictures of it on this wavelength of

UV light. And you won't believe what the scientists saw. Well, on this wavelength, they saw that

hot lava was raining on the sun in the form of rain.

Now, why was this happening? For this, when they investigated in depth, they found out that

this is a small part of a big process happening in corona. Actually, what happens is, the plasma

present on the sun, i.e. the soup of charged particles, when it comes in contact with its strong

magnetic field, then this magnetic field throws that plasma out. Because as soon as moving

charged particles come in contact with the magnetic field, the magnetic field applies a force on

it and throws it out.

And the same thing happens with the plasma present on the sun, which comes out in the form

of solar flares. These flares are so energetic that they can send about 100 return trips of the sun

from the earth in just a few hours. But many times what happens is, like the water cycle of the

earth, these hot flares cool down as they reach the outer layer, corona, and again rain on the

sun's surface in the form of lava rain.

And the scientists captured this phenomenon in corona and named it coronal rain. That is, to

sum it all up till now, from the pictures of the first layer of the sun, the scientists came to know

about solar flares and the coronal rain on the sun. Now, after understanding the secret of

corona, they went closer to the sun and started studying its middle layer, the chromosphere.

Now, because the temperature of this layer is less than that of corona, to study the

chromosphere, a UV light of this wavelength was used. And in this wavelength, its pictures were

taken. And here is what they found, which was also very shocking.

They saw that the chromosphere of the sun is not at all plain, as it was thought. But in it,

weirdly, every 5 minutes, structures like Mount Everest are being formed. And these structures

are being thrown 60 times faster than the speed of sound into the outer layers.

Basically, this happens because the equator of the sun completes a rotation before its pole.

Because of this, its magnetic field gets twisted like a rubber band and gets entangled. And

small loops are formed on its surface.

And when these loops get entangled again, shockwaves are created in the chromosphere. And

from that, pointed structures like grass are formed there. That is, in a way, when you put water

on the woofer and play it, then that water starts jumping like pointed thorns, right? This is

exactly the same.

So, from the pictures of this layer, scientists found out the secret of structures like grass in the

chromosphere of the sun. Now it was time to study its next layer, that is, the photosphere. To

see this, scientists changed the wavelength of the light again.

Because the 5000 degree Celsius hot photosphere is seen in the brightest visible wavelength.

When they took pictures of the photosphere of the sun from this filter, then they saw many

holes on it. But what was the meaning of these holes? Why are they formed on the surface of

the sun? And how big are they? It so happened that when they originally captured images on

this wavelength, then they found out that the images were not clear.

They felt that these holes may be pixels. And that's why they zoomed it. Now, when they

zoomed, they noticed that these are actually particles of the sun that keep on forming and

getting worse.

And they named them solar granules. Now, do you know what is the strangest thing about

these solar granules? These granules, which look so small like pixels, are as big as the largest

state in the US, Texas. And they are formed by exactly the same process, which made our

supercontinents like Pangaea.

Actually, the way the hot lava near the core rises due to the temperature difference below the

surface of our earth and the cooled lava goes down, in the same way, the hot plasma near the

sun's core also rises and the cooled plasma on top starts to settle down. Now, when we see this

process from above, then this lava that has come up looks like bubbles to us and the line

between the two nearby bubbles looks like a crack. Now, this was about the zoomed-in image

of the photosphere.

I don't know if you noticed or not, but when we saw the originally zoomed-out image, we could

clearly see some dark spots in it. Now, obviously, these don't look like solar granules. So, what

exactly is this? NASA says that the magnetic field of the sun, which makes structures like grass

in the chromosphere, the same magnetic field makes these spots in the photosphere below.

Because, as I told you earlier, the magnetic field of the sun twists like a rubber band and makes

small loops on its surface. Now, where these loops are made, shock waves are generated due

to the snapping on the macro scale. But at the microscopic level, i.e. at the plasma level, you get

to see the exact opposite trend.

Actually, due to the strong magnetic field, all the charged particles of the plasma present in

these loops align in a common pattern. Just like the iron filings around a magnet align. Now, in

this way, the vibration of these charged particles reduces as compared to before, due to which

the plasma cools down and a black spot is formed there.

In short, scientists took images of the sun from a distance of 1 million km from the surface of

the sun and by the time they reached the photosphere, they had reached the surface of the

sun. In fact, the picture of its photosphere is the historic picture which is the deepest image of

the sun ever taken. But, you know what's the weird part? Ironically, we see this deepest image

taken from the sun every day from the earth

Well, the smooth surface of the sun that we see during sunrise or sunset, that smooth surface

of the sun is the photosphere. So, as you saw in this video, all in all, by studying the layers of

the sun, we get a complete picture of the mess in the sun. And this is why space agencies like

NASA and ISRO have their eyes on it.

And we also learned from this that as such, nothing strange is happening with the sun. But

friends, there are still some things that need to be answered. For example, if everything is

going normal with the sun, then why did all the space agencies, including ISRO, send 10 solar

missions in the last 20 years? Because it's not like it's a planet on which we have to find water or

if we have to build a colony, then why so many repeated researches? Do scientists know

something like this? Or is there a reason behind this interest that the common people don't

know? Well, earlier I also felt something like this.

As I said in the beginning, the number of solar flares coming from the sun is increasing. But

when I did a little more research in this direction, then I found out that to study them, NASA

had sent some satellites even before SDO. For example, in 1995, the Solar and Heliospheric

Observatory, SOHO, was launched.

In 2006, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, STEREO, was sent. And among them, the

SOHO spacecraft has recorded the sound of the sun by capturing images of the vibrations But

despite this, there are some problems in such spacecrafts. For example, transferring data at

slow speed and even their average picture quality, which is very less.

And this is where SDO comes in. Because where SOHO takes 12 minutes to send a picture to

Earth, and STEREO takes 1.5 minutes, SDO can do the same thing in just 0.75 seconds. And that

too with 10 times better picture quality than both of them.

And that's why NASA thinks that SDO will send 50 times more images in better picture quality

Having said that, for the full understanding of the sun, it is necessary to study the data of all

these missions. And that's why, the more satellites scientists send there, the better. In fact,

keeping this in mind, ISRO also recently launched a satellite to study the sun called Aditya-L1,

which, despite being suspended at the same point between the sun and the earth, will give us

better information than NASA's Parker Solar Probe.

Now, it was not at all easy to make all this possible. What technologies have been used behind

it? How can an object be suspended in mid-space? You know, it is standing between the sun

and the earth as it is. It is not falling anywhere.