🌍 Is There a Hidden Fifth Layer Inside Earth's Core? 🔥

 In 2002, some scientists who were studying the earthquake suddenly started making strange

claims. According to them, there are not one, but two cores of our earth. And the reason? The

change in the speed of the seismic waves generated during the earthquake.

Their claim was that the change in the speed of the waves was due to something present in the

core of the earth. But how can this be proven? Because to measure the accurate speed of these

seismic waves, it is very important for you to be opposite the epicenter of the earthquake at the

right time. After all, the same seismic wave passes through the center of the earth.

But guess what? As soon as an earthquake comes and these seismologists look at the place

opposite their globe, to nobody's surprise, they see an ocean there where it was impossible to

set up a seismic wave. And then finally the seismologists found a way. They found that many

earthquakes' waves reflect from the opposite side of the earth and come back.

And that too sometimes 5 to 6 times. That is, if we put extra sensitive sensors on all our

continents, then the problem is solved. Then what? Over two decades, they installed setups

everywhere and boom! Today they have this hardcore proof that apart from the crust, mantle,

outer core and inner core of the earth, an innermost inner core is also present in it.

Now I know friends, you would definitely like to know what is there in this extra core that

makes it different. So well, I am Gaurav and let's just imagine that we are going towards its core

from the surface of the earth, so that we can see what is hidden there. So let's start this

journey.

So first of all, our stop is Paris Catacombs. This is a 1.5 km long mine that sits just 20 meters

below the surface. But weirdly, almost 6 million people died here in the 18th century.

Quite chilling, right? Well, even I don't like the vibe here. So let's do one thing, let's go down,

more deep. That is, about 4 km below the surface.

Here is the Poneng gold mine. The deepest mine ever made by man. Where you will get the

temperature up to 60 degrees Celsius.

And by the way, this temperature is so high that the workers working here have to cool their

minds with a thick ice sheet. Otherwise, their lives can be lost. You know, right? What happens

to us at 40 degrees? Well, it's 60 degrees here.

Anyway, the next stop from here is the famous man-made The Kola Super Deep Borehole. Now

you must have heard about it in my previous video. This is the deepest point in the world, in

front of which Mount Everest is also about 3.4 km small.

According to research, there is such a large amount of solid granite and hydrogen gas in this

depth that drilling here means inviting death. Now, you may not know this, but granite has

about 20% quartz. This is the same stone that creates sparks in our ordinary kitchen lighters.

And that's why if there is even a little friction between our drill and granite, then sparks will

come out. That means, at this depth, we are technically at the very center of a natural hydrogen

bomb. And that's why I think it would be better to understand the layers above the surface

from here.

Yes, I know that we have not even reached half the distance of our first layer, i.e. crust. But you

see, there are many other ways to understand the depths of the earth, the first of which simply

uses a copper pot. This is a dragon jar, which was actually the first earthquake detector.

It was made by Chinese philosopher Chang Heng in 132 AD. The working of this device is quite

simple yet unique. In this, there are 8 heads of a dragon on one jar, whose mouth has a copper

ball.

Its mechanism was something like this, whenever an earthquake comes, the liver inside the jar

starts moving, due to which the ball falls straight down from the mouth of the dragon, into the

mouth of the frog and warns people of the earthquake. Now, after this, this instrument and its

countless variations remained in use for many years to identify earthquakes. And some of them

even had an alarm system.

But then, as you can see, people had only started to detect earthquakes till now, no one had

thought of predicting them. That thought actually came from an accident in 1770, when people

felt the need for it. Actually, something happened that in the year 1750, 5 earthquakes in a row

killed about 70,000 people in Britain.

Which now made people feel that it is not enough to just detect earthquakes, now it is also very

important to predict them and avoid them. And then a thought came to a person's mind, that

why not study these earthquakes on a graph somehow. That person was none other than the

British geologist John Milne, who had made the first modern seismograph.

It was like a horizontal pendulum device, which predicted earthquakes and recorded them on a

graph. See, due to the smallest ground motion, this whole instrument started moving. Except

this heavy ball on it.

This ball resists motion due to inertia and remains at its place. Due to which, an earthquake on

a graph or an energy wave, that is seismic waves, was recorded. What's more? Milne made

seismological stations all over the world and installed such devices in them.

And he started recording seismic data of earthquakes in every corner of the world. What

followed is that the data of these seismic waves helped geophysicists a lot in studying the

interiors of the earth. So, after studying the seismic data of many earthquakes, Croatian

geophysicist Andrej Mohorovičić saw a pattern in the cone.

He saw that the seismic waves coming from all earthquakes behave very much alike. And the

reason behind this is the structure inside the earth, which is making similar patterns in those

different seismic records. And then what? He analyzed these patterns and identified the

discontinuity between the crust and mantle in the earth.

As a result, based on his findings, a Danish geologist, Inge Lehmann, discovered another layer

of the earth, the core. That is, until then, everyone only knew that there are three layers in the

earth, crust, mantle and core. This belief was broken in 1929 by Inge Lehmann and this time

again because of a famous earthquake, New Zealand quake.

When Lehmann studied the seismic waves of this earthquake, he saw that the waves were

colliding with something after entering the core. And with this, he concluded that there is a

separate layer inside the core which we know today as the inner core. That is, after Lehmann's

discovery, the picture of the interior of the earth began to look something like this.

As you can see here, if an earthquake comes inside the earth, two types of waves are formed

from it, P waves and S waves. Now, what are these two and how do they form? I have already

told you about this in detail in this tsunami video. For now, just understand that P waves can

collide with both solid and liquid, whereas S waves only collide with solids.

That is, if the medium changes, then there will be some changes in them and due to these

changes, geologists would know where the boundary of which layer is and what is its state of

matter, solid or liquid. Now let's understand this with a simple graph. Look at this.

This is a graph of the speed versus depth of those P and S waves. Here, as you can see, initially

the speed of the P wave is increasing and then suddenly there is a fluctuation in the depth of 50

km. This fluctuation means that now that wave is moving ahead in a different medium.

That is, now it has entered the second layer of the earth, that is, the semi-solid mantle, through

the solid crust. Once again, you can see that the speed of that wave is increasing again, after

which it becomes half in about 2200 km. Now wait, what exactly happened here? Well, it is

enough to just look at the graph of the S wave for this.

Because, if you remember, I just said a while ago that the S wave travels only in solids and here,

in the depth of 2200 km, the speed of the S wave is absolutely zero. So, do you understand what

this means? A liquid medium starts beyond this point. And now, the information of the layers

beyond this point can only be given to us by P waves.

Because, as you can see here, even in liquid medium, P waves start catching speed again and

show a small fluctuation ahead. And the simple meaning of this observation is that from here,

that wave is entering the solid inner core from the liquid outer core. What's next? Recently,

when researchers again studied the seismic data of more than 200 earthquakes, they found a

highly sensitive seismograph by combining all these data points.

They found something that was completely contrary to their expectations. They saw that the

seismic waves were repeatedly colliding with something while passing through the inner core.

But they did not see any noticeable effect on the speed of these waves.

That is, the game here was not about speed, but about something else. And they later found

out that the crystal structure of iron present in the core is changing due to the increase in

pressure inside the core. And due to this, even though the density of the entire inner core is the

same, but within a radius of 650 km from the center of the earth, iron is present in its own

separate crystal form.

And this is the reason that there is no noticeable change in the speed of seismic waves. And it is

coming back by colliding with the iron present in this region. And then what? They named this

new type of crystalline structure region of our iron inner core as the innermost inner core.

And from now on, we will have to show 5 layers instead of 4 in our earth. Until, of course, no

new research excludes it. And let me also tell you why I am saying this.

Actually, as soon as this 5th layer research was published, some scientists noticed some flaws in

it. They say that in this research, the most basic finding related to the crystallization of metals

was totally ignored. Usually, the crystalline structure of any metal changes when it is extremely

hot and it is suddenly cooled from there.

But in the case of our solid iron inner core, it is suppressed under a pressure of about 3.6

million atmospheres 24x7, which keeps it hot to about 5000 degrees Celsius. That is, all it

means to say is that the existence of this innermost inner core is still in doubt. And this just

shows how little we know about the depths of our earth.